Ownership (IVS vs APS in Denmark)

For IVS: Collective Ownership. For APS: Consolidated Ownership.

Limited Liability (IVS vs APS in Denmark)

For IVS: Positive. For APS: Positive.

Publicly Participates In Capital Market (IVS vs APS in Denmark)

For IVS: Negative. For APS: Negative.

Legal Representative Not Mandatory (IVS vs APS in Denmark)

For IVS: Positive. For APS: Positive.

Local Directors Not Mandatory (IVS vs APS in Denmark)

For IVS: Positive. For APS: Positive.

Local Secretaries Not Mandatory (IVS vs APS in Denmark)

For IVS: Positive. For APS: Positive.

Capital Injection Not Required (IVS vs APS in Denmark)

For IVS: Positive. For APS: See Memo.

Minimum Registered Capital Requirement (IVS vs APS in Denmark)

For IVS: 1. The minimum capital requirement is 1 Danish krone.. For APS: DKK 50,000.

Legal Entity Comparison

Denmark IVS vs APS

The existing IVS companies are still valid, but no new IVS companies can be registered.

IVS is a legal entity in Denmark, which stands for Iværksætterselskab, belonging to collective ownership and is a type of limited liability company. IVS does not publicly participate in the market, with a minimum requirement of one shareholder and no maximum limit. There is also a minimum requirement of one director with no maximum limit. Unlike traditional Danish ApS companies, IVS companies do not need to appoint a legal representative or have a local person serve as a director, nor do they need a company secretary. The minimum required registered capital is 1 Danish krone, and there is no need for verification of capital. However, when the company's registered capital reaches 50,000 Danish kroner and is converted into a traditional ApS company, it must increase its capital to 50,000 Danish kroner through normal operations in order to pay dividends. The form of an IVS company follows the same rules applicable to Danish ApS companies, except for the required minimum startup capital. It should be noted that Denmark abolished the IVS company act in April 2019, and while existing IVS companies are still valid, no new IVS companies can be registered.

Updated 2026-03-31

Legal entity type

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Denmark

Denmark Legal Entity Comparison

Updated 2026-03-31

Basic Information

IVS

APS

Ownership:

Collective Ownership

Ownership:

Consolidated Ownership

Limited Liability:

Positive

Limited Liability:

Positive

Publicly Participates In Capital Market:

Negative

Publicly Participates In Capital Market:

Negative

Shareholder / Director / Secretary Requirements

IVS

APS

Requirements For Shareholders:

At least one shareholder, no upper limit.

Requirements For Shareholders:

At least one shareholder, no upper limit.

Requirements For Directors ::

At least one director, with no upper limit.

Requirements For Directors ::

At least one director, with no maximum limit.

Legal Representative Not Mandatory:

Positive

Legal Representative Not Mandatory:

Positive

Local Directors Not Mandatory:

Positive

Local Directors Not Mandatory:

Positive

Local Secretaries Not Mandatory:

Positive

Local Secretaries Not Mandatory:

Positive

Registered Capital Requirement

IVS

APS

Minimum Registered Capital Requirement:

1. The minimum capital requirement is 1 Danish krone.

Minimum Registered Capital Requirement:

DKK 50,000

Capital Injection Not Required:

Positive

Capital Injection Not Required:

See Memo

Capital Injection Requirement:

1. No capital verification is needed at the beginning of establishment;
2. When the registered capital of the company reaches 50,000 Danish kroner and is converted into traditional APS company money, dividends cannot be paid;
3. It is necessary to increase the share capital to 50,000 Danish kroner (approximately 7,000 euros) through normal operations before any dividends can be paid. Once the company reaches the required minimum share capital, it can be converted into an ApS.

Capital Injection Requirement:

1. The capital can be paid in cash, assets (non-cash contribution), or a combination of both;
2. If the capital is paid only in cash, only 25% of the nominal capital can be paid at the time of establishment; however, a minimum of DKK 50,000 must be paid before registration.

Memo

IVS

APS

Memo:

1. The legal form of IVS company follows the same rules as applicable to Danish ApS. Therefore, there is no difference between IVS and ApS, except for the required minimum startup capital. Establishing IVS has no conditions.
2. Please note that Denmark abolished the IVS Companies Act in April 2019.

Memo:

N/A